In addition, it is probable that the units from Trakai, Volhynia, Smolensk, Kiev and Navahrudak used their own emblems. German authors also mention that there were three auxiliary banners of Moldavia flying their own flags. However, he also mentions that there might have been 2 additional banners from Smolensk and up to six additional banners of Samogitia. According to Ioannes Longinus there were 40 banners on the right flank of the Polish-Lithuanian forces, 10 flying the Columns of Gediminas and 30 flying Coat of Arms of Lithuania. Note that the number of Lithuanian banners is uncertain. Initially, the ‘wings’ were attached to the saddle of the hussars’ horses. These were a pair of wooden frames onto which were attached eagle, vulture, or falcon feathers. The hareness and the colour of the horse on the Coat of Arms of Lithuania differed. The Winged Hussars In Battle It was their ‘wings’, however, that made the Winged Hussars conspicuously different from all other cavalry units. The only difference between various lands using the same emblem was the blazon. Only volunteers and mercenaries from Silesia, Bohemia and Moraviaĭue to different system of feudal overlordship, as well as lack of heraldic traditions, the units of Grand Duchy of Lithuania were all grouped under banners of two types: the Coat of Arms of Lithuania and the Columns of Gediminas. Volunteers from Moravia, commanded by Jan Helm, the hejtman in the duty of aristocratic family of Kravaře Under Andrzej Ciołek of Żelechów and Jan of Sprowa of Odrowążīohemian and Moravian mercenaries, under Sokol and ZbyslavekĬastellan of Śrem and mayor of Greater Polandįamily, under Castellan of Wiślica Florian of Korytnica Great Banner of Kraków and the Kingdom of PolandĮlite troops, under Zyndram of Maszkowice It is not certain whether the list is complete. Lwów, Podolia, Halicz) Coat of Arms of Lithuania was a banner exclusively of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania arrows, axes and horseshoes are typical to Lithuanian heraldry, but not the Polish one, etc. This list also has some obvious errors: at the time of the battle several of the banners attributed to Poland were constituents of the Lithuanian army (e.g. However, Ioannes Longinus in his Historiæ Polonicæ written after 1455 recorded 51 Polish banners, together with their descriptions, blazoning and commanders. The exact Order of Battle of the Polish forces is unknown. The following tables list the banners of the forces participating in the Battle of Grunwald, (1410)
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